Updated Bordetella Vaccination Policy at Brook-Falls
Brook-Falls Veterinary Hospital and Luxury Pet Resort is updating its vaccination policy for Canine Bordetella, reducing the requirement for lodging and doggy daycare guests who are not considered high risk for Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex (CRDC).
In recent years, Brook-Falls required a biannual (every six months) Bordetella vaccination to help prevent the primary cause of CRDC, commonly referred to as kennel cough. Bordetella bronchiseptica is a key agent in this complex, and dogs that are vaccinated typically experience milder symptoms if they become infected.
This policy was initially reinforced in response to the emergence of an unusual respiratory illness during the summer and fall of 2023. Often referred to in the media as the “mystery dog illness,” this condition caused widespread respiratory disease in dogs across the United States. Affected dogs presented with coughing, sneezing, and other respiratory symptoms that often did not respond to antibiotic treatment. In severe cases, the illness progressed to chronic respiratory conditions or even death. During the outbreak, the exact cause was unclear, prompting many pet care facilities, including Brook-Falls, to enhance their biosecurity protocols by requiring more frequent Bordetella vaccinations.
Subsequent research into the outbreak suggests the illness may have been caused by an atypical strain of Bordetella; however, no new virus or distinct pathogen was conclusively identified based on submitted samples and studies.
Now, with two seasons having passed since the initial outbreak and no increase in reported respiratory disease at our facility or in the surrounding community, Brook-Falls has decided to align its vaccination policy with the American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) guidelines. Accordingly, we are decreasing the required frequency of the Bordetella vaccine to once annually for pets not considered high risk.
Ongoing Monitoring and Policy Review
While most vaccine manufacturers guarantee Bordetella vaccine effectiveness for up to one year, Brook-Falls will continue to monitor our guests closely for any signs of increased CRDC incidence. Should we observe a notable uptick in suspected Bordetella-related illness, the policy may revert to biannual vaccination to help safeguard the health of our guests.
High-Risk Pets and Continued Biannual Vaccination
Biannual vaccination remains appropriate for high-risk dogs—those who regularly attend dog parks, pet expos, grooming salons, training classes, dog shows, or other environments where exposure to unvaccinated pets is more likely. If your pet has tolerated the biannual schedule well and has significant exposure risk, continuing this schedule may be advised. Your veterinarian can help determine the most appropriate vaccination plan for your individual pet.
If you have questions or would like personalized guidance on your pet’s vaccination protocol, please contact your veterinarian.
Understanding Bordetella and Kennel Cough
What Is Bordetella?
Bordetella bronchiseptica is the most common bacterial cause of Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex (CRDC), often referred to as kennel cough. This bacterium inflames the upper respiratory tract, which can lead to coughing, sneezing, and—in some cases—secondary infections like pneumonia. Puppies, senior dogs, and those with weakened immune systems are especially vulnerable and may develop more serious complications such as bronchopneumonia or chronic bronchitis.
How Is It Spread?
Bordetella is highly contagious and spreads easily through airborne droplets, direct contact, and contaminated surfaces like shared water bowls, toys, kennels, or bedding.
Common Symptoms Include:
- A distinctive, “goose honk”-like cough
- Sneezing and nasal discharge
- Lethargy and reduced appetite
- Fever
- Progression in some cases to pneumonia
Vaccine Types and Administration:
The Bordetella vaccine is available in different formulations and delivery methods. Some include combination protection against other respiratory pathogens such as the canine parainfluenza virus.
- Intranasal (IN): A single dose administered in the nose; recommended annually.
- Oral: A single dose administered into the cheek pouch; recommended annually.
- Injectable (Subcutaneous): Requires two initial doses spaced 2–4 weeks apart, followed by an annual booster.
- Combination Vaccines: Some intranasal options may include Bordetella and canine parainfluenza.
When Should My Dog Be Vaccinated?
While annual vaccination is sufficient for most dogs, some boarding facilities may still require a booster every six months. Discuss your pet’s lifestyle and risk factors with your veterinarian to determine the most appropriate schedule.
Are There Risks with the Bordetella Vaccine?
Like all vaccines, the Bordetella vaccine is generally safe and well-tolerated. However, your veterinarian may recommend avoiding it if your dog is immunocompromised, currently ill, or pregnant. Dogs with a history of vaccine reactions may also require special consideration. The benefits of vaccination typically outweigh the risks, especially in social or high-risk settings.
Important Note:
While Bordetella is a leading cause of kennel cough, it is not the only one. Other agents such as the parainfluenza virus and canine adenovirus can also contribute. This means that while vaccination reduces the severity and spread of illness, it does not offer absolute protection from all respiratory pathogens. Being aware of symptoms and seeking veterinary care early is essential, even for vaccinated pets.
For more information or specific concerns about your pet’s health and vaccination status, please contact your veterinarian directly.
